英译汉
英译汉
| 英译汉 Chapter One 词义的选择、引申和褒贬 一．词义的选择 （一）根据词性 He likes physics. They are shining like gold. Like knows like. (二) 根据上下文联系 He is the last man to do it. He should be the last to blame. He is the last man to come. He is the last person for such a job. 二．词义的引申 （一）将词义做抽象化的引申 1．将表示具体形象的词译成该形象代表的属性 Every life has its roses and thorns.每个人的生活有甜有苦。 There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of them. 他们的性格既残暴，又狡猾。 2．将带有特征性形象的词译成该形象所代表的词 see-sawing between partly good and faintly bad 时好时坏这两种情况不断地交替出现 Their troops goosestepped into power. 他们的军队耀武扬威地夺取了政权。 （二）将词义做具体化的引申 The car in front of me stopped and I missed the green. 我前面的车停下来了，我错过了绿灯。 三．词义的褒贬 （一）英语中有些词本身具有褒贬意义 He was a man of high renown. 他是位有名望的人。 His notoriety didn’t come until his death. 他的恶名是他死后才传开的。 （二）中立意义的词在上下文中译出褒贬 The politician talked about his hopes and ambitions. 我们要求他谈了他的希望和抱负 He had lied to me and made me the tool of his wicked deeds. 他欺骗了我，使我成了他进行罪恶勾当的工具。 练习: Information technology will be at the heart of global economic competition in the 21st century. 信息技术将成为21世纪全球经济竞争的中心。 The largest American cities are a diverse group, but they share certain problems. 美国的大城市形形色色，却有许多共同的问题。 The expansion of educational opportunities promoted the American ideal of equal opportunity for all. 由于教育不断普及，推动了机遇面前人人平等的美国理想的实现。 Race relations in the US continue to be a thorny problem. 美国的种族关系一直是棘手的问题。 The diverse population presents great challenges to the society, racism and discrimination remain problems. 多民族的人口结构也给社会带来一定的问题，种族歧视和偏见依然存在。 Both newspapers and magazines are heavily dependent on advertising for financial support. 报纸和杂志的经费来源主要是依靠广告收入。 Geography has given the US extensive and accessible resources, fertile land, and a beneficial climate. 地理位置为美国提供了丰富的可利用资源，肥沃的土地和有利的气候。 The percentage of US children living without their father present has ballooned. 美国没有父亲的单亲孩子比例激增。 The American greeting card and decoration industries encourage the celebration of both religious and secular holidays. 美国的节日贺卡和装饰业增添了宗教节日和习俗节日的欢乐气氛。 Between 1689 and 1763, Great Britain and France fought a series of wars which involved the North American colonies. 1689年至1763年间英法两国连年战争，使北美的欧洲殖民地也卷入其中。 The modern American economy has never been completely free from government involvement。 现代美国经济从来没有完全脱离过政府的干预。 The increase in DINK families has shattered the traditional idea of Chinese family。 丁克家庭的增长冲击了传统的中国家庭观念。 Chapter Two 词类转译 一．转译为动词 1．名词转译为动词 Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已用来探索宇宙。 2．含有动词意味的名词转译为动词 The sight and sound of our plane filled me with special longing. 看到我们的飞机，听到飞机的声音，令我特别神往。 3．英语中以er结尾的名词在句中不指身份和职业，而含有动词意味，译为动词 I think my sister is a better singer than I. 我认为我姐姐比我唱的好。 二．转译为名词 1．名词派生的动词 Formality has always characterized their relationship. 他们之间的关系有一个特点就是以礼相待。 2．名词转化的动词 This machine is designed to burn up if overused. 这个机器，按其设计，如果过度使用就会烧毁。 练习： For millions of immigrants, the Statue of Liberty was their first sight of the promising land. 数百万移民踏上这片充满希望的土地，第一眼看到的是自由女神像。 One thing that often leads people to move is the desire for better climate, more attractive scenery, more agreeable living. 导致人们迁居的原因往往是向往宜人的气候，迷人的景色和惬意的生活。 The American airline industry has enjoyed significant expansion in the last twenty years. 过去的20年中，美国的航空运输业迅速发展。 The growing concentration of wealth in the hands of a few people raised social and political issues. 财富逐渐集中在少数人手中，引发了许多社会问题和政治问题。 Population grew both as a result of natural increase and of continued immigration. 人口的增长是自然增长和不断移民的结果。 The American economy is organized in single-owner businesses, partnerships and corporations. 美国经济的组织方式是个人所有制，合伙制和公司制。 Chapter Three 分句 合句法 一．分句法 （一）把原句中一个单词译成句子 1．副词 They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all. 他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇。 2．形容词 He talked with understandable pride about his daughter. 他在谈到他女儿的时候很自豪，这是可以理解的。 3．名词 The inside of each house depended on the personality of its owner. 每个房间内怎样的布置，这要看各个使用者的性格了。 (二) 把短语翻译成句子 1．名词短语 Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law. 能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭，这是一条普遍公认的规律。 2．介词短语 Their power increased with their number. 他们人数增加了，力量也随之增加。 (三) 把原文中的一个句子拆开, 变成两个句子 Another round of war in the region clearly would put strains on international relations. 如果该地区再次发生战争, 显然会使国际关系处于紧张状态。 His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery. 因为他没有遵守安全规则，机器出了故障。 |
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